Withdrawal timelines

Buprenorphine causes physical dependence, but its long half-life means withdrawal starts later and is usually milder than with full opioids.

1. Days 1 to 3Symptoms beginRestlessness, aches, runny nose, sweating, poor sleep.
2. Days 3 to 10Peak symptomsStomach upset, diarrhea, anxiety, cravings; usually milder than oxycodone or heroin withdrawal.
3. WeeksLingering symptomsLow mood, poor sleep, and cravings may last weeks.

People who take butorphanol regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 12 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 2 to 4Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. 1 to 2 weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People exposed regularly to carfentanil through the drug supply develop opioid dependence and withdrawal similar to fentanyl.

1. 4 to 12 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, cramps, vomiting, goosebumps, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, and cravings. Tolerance falls quickly.

People who take codeine regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 8 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10Lingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

Physical dependence is rare at recommended doses for short periods. Long-term, high-dose use can cause opioid-like dependence.

1. 12 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsRestlessness, sweating, runny nose, and stomach cramps after long-term high-dose use.
2. Days 1 to 3PeakDiarrhea, nausea, aches, and poor sleep.
3. Within 1 weekResolvesSymptoms usually fade over several days.

People who take fentanyl regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 4 to 12 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

Heroin is one of the most addictive drugs. Opioid use disorder is a treatable medical condition, and medicines are the most effective treatment.

1. 6 to 12 hoursEarly withdrawalAnxiety, yawning, runny nose, sweating, aching muscles, cravings.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, goosebumps, insomnia, dilated pupils.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsFatigue, low mood, poor sleep, and cravings.

People who take hydrocodone regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 6 to 12 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take hydromorphone regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 6 to 12 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take levorphanol regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 12 to 36 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 2 to 5Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. 1 to 2 weeks, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take very high doses every day develop opioid-like dependence and withdrawal when they stop.

1. 12 to 48 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, sweating, runny nose, yawning, muscle aches, and diarrhea.
2. Days 2 to 5PeakStomach cramps, nausea, goosebumps, poor sleep, and cravings.
3. 1 to 2 weeksLingering symptomsLow mood and cravings may persist.

People who take meperidine regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 3 to 12 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take methadone regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 24 to 48 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 3 to 8Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Weeks to monthsLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take morphine regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 6 to 12 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take oxycodone regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 6 to 12 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take oxymorphone regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 8 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10, then weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take codeine syrup regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 8 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10Lingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take tapentadol regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 8 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. Days 5 to 10Lingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take tramadol regularly for more than a few weeks become physically dependent, even when they take it exactly as prescribed. Dependence is not the same as addiction, but it means stopping suddenly causes withdrawal.

1. 12 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, yawning, sweating, runny nose, watery eyes, and muscle aches.
2. Days 2 to 4Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, goosebumps, dilated pupils, fast heartbeat, and strong cravings. Rarely dangerous in healthy adults, but dehydration can be serious.
3. 1 to 2 weeksLingering symptomsPoor sleep, low mood, low energy, and cravings can continue for weeks. Tolerance falls quickly, which raises the risk of overdose if use restarts.

People who take alprazolam regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. Because alprazolam leaves the body quickly, withdrawal tends to start sooner and feel more intense than with longer-acting benzodiazepines.

1. Days 1 to 2Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

People who take butalbital daily, especially at high doses, can become physically dependent. Barbiturate withdrawal can be dangerous.

1. Day 1 to 2Symptoms beginAnxiety, rebound headache, tremor, weakness, nausea, and insomnia.
2. Days 2 to 5Peak riskSeizures and delirium can occur after heavy use.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesSymptoms ease with a supervised taper.

After high doses or prolonged use, stopping carisoprodol can cause withdrawal similar to meprobamate or barbiturate withdrawal.

1. Days 1 to 2Symptoms beginInsomnia, anxiety, tremor, vomiting, stomach cramps.
2. Days 2 to 7PeakMuscle twitching, hallucinations, and, rarely, seizures.
3. WeeksRecoveryGradual return to normal.

People who take chlordiazepoxide regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. Its very long-lasting metabolites mean withdrawal often starts several days after the last dose.

1. Days 3 to 7Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

People who take clonazepam regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. Its long half-life means withdrawal often begins a few days after the last dose.

1. Days 2 to 5Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

People who take clorazepate regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. Its long-lasting metabolite means withdrawal often begins several days after the last dose.

1. Days 2 to 7Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

Cyclobenzaprine does not usually cause dependence. Stopping after long-term daily use can cause temporary discomfort.

1. Days 1 to 3Possible symptomsNausea, headache, and feeling unwell.
2. Within a weekResolvesSymptoms are usually mild and short-lived.
3. Ongoing painReassessExercise and physical therapy help more over time.

People who take diazepam regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. Because diazepam lasts so long, withdrawal starts later, often several days after the last dose, and tends to be gentler at onset.

1. Days 2 to 7Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

Tolerance to its sleep effect develops within days, and nightly users may have trouble sleeping when they stop. Rarely, people misuse high doses for hallucinations.

1. Nights 1 to 3Rebound insomniaTrouble falling asleep after nightly use.
2. Days 1 to 7Possible symptomsRestlessness, irritability, and, after heavy use, nausea and anxiety.
3. 1 to 2 weeksSettlesSleep usually returns to normal.

After regular use, stopping eszopiclone can cause rebound insomnia and mild withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety and abnormal dreams. Long-term users should taper with their prescriber.

1. Nights 1 to 3Rebound insomniaTemporary worsening of sleep.
2. Days 1 to 7Withdrawal in some usersAnxiety, abnormal dreams, nausea, upset stomach.
3. WeeksRecoverySleep usually normalizes.

People who take GHB every 1 to 3 hours around the clock develop severe physical dependence. GHB withdrawal can be life-threatening and may need hospital care.

1. 1 to 6 hoursRapid onsetAnxiety, tremor, insomnia, sweating, and fast heartbeat.
2. Days 1 to 6PeakAgitation, hallucinations, delirium, and seizures in severe cases.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesSymptoms ease; sleep and mood problems can last longer.

People who take lorazepam regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. With an intermediate half-life, withdrawal typically begins within a day or two of the last dose.

1. Days 1 to 2Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

Single doses for procedures do not cause dependence. Repeated or continuous use, such as in intensive care, can cause withdrawal when stopped abruptly.

1. HoursSymptoms beginAgitation, anxiety, tremor, and sweating after prolonged infusions.
2. Days 1 to 3PeakConfusion, insomnia, and, rarely, seizures.
3. Days to weeksResolvesSymptoms ease, often with a slow taper.

People who take oxazepam regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks.

1. Days 1 to 3Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

Regular use causes physical dependence. Barbiturate withdrawal is among the most dangerous drug withdrawals.

1. Days 2 to 4Symptoms beginAnxiety, tremor, weakness, insomnia, nausea.
2. Days 3 to 8Severe withdrawalSeizures and delirium can occur and can be fatal.
3. WeeksRecoveryGradual return of sleep and mood.

In clinical trials, stopping suvorexant after up to a year of use did not cause withdrawal symptoms or significant rebound insomnia. It is Schedule IV because high doses produced drug-liking similar to zolpidem in people who misuse sedatives.

1. Nights 1 to 3Sleep may be lighterSome people notice a return of their original insomnia.
2. Week 1No typical withdrawalTrials showed no withdrawal syndrome.
3. OngoingUnderlying insomniaCBT-I treats the cause long-term.

People who take temazepam regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. Rebound insomnia, worse than before treatment, is common for a few nights after stopping.

1. Days 1 to 2Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 3Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

People who take triazolam regularly, even as prescribed, can become physically dependent within weeks. Its short half-life means withdrawal and rebound insomnia can start within a day.

1. Hours to day 1Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

Regular use of zaleplon can cause dependence. Stopping after long-term nightly use can cause rebound insomnia and, less commonly, withdrawal symptoms.

1. Night 1 to 3Rebound insomniaTrouble sleeping that may be worse than before treatment.
2. Days 1 to 7Withdrawal symptomsAnxiety, irritability, sweating, shakiness, and, rarely, seizures after high doses.
3. 1 to 2 weeksSettlesSleep usually returns to baseline.

After regular use, stopping zolpidem can cause rebound insomnia and, less often, withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, shakiness, sweating, and, rarely, seizures after high-dose use.

1. Nights 1 to 3Rebound insomniaWorse sleep than before treatment for a few nights.
2. Days 1 to 7Withdrawal in long-term usersAnxiety, irritability, tremor, sweating, and nausea.
3. WeeksRecoverySleep usually settles; CBT-I helps.

Stopping Adderall after regular prescribed use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal. ADHD symptoms return, and some people feel tired or low for a few days. After heavy misuse, a "crash" with exhaustion, increased sleep and appetite, and depression is common.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashFatigue, long sleep, increased appetite, low mood, irritability.
2. Weeks 1 to 2Low mood and cravingsLow energy, poor concentration, and cravings after heavy use.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryMood and energy normalize; depression should be watched for.

Stopping armodafinil after regular use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal, but it can cause a temporary crash.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashTiredness, increased sleep, hunger, and low mood.
2. Week 1AdjustingLow energy, poor concentration, and irritability.
3. Weeks 2 to 4SettlesMood and energy usually return to baseline.

Regular caffeine users become physically dependent. Withdrawal is recognized in the DSM-5 and is common but not dangerous.

1. 12 to 24 hoursSymptoms beginHeadache, tiredness, and sleepiness.
2. Days 1 to 2PeakHeadache, low mood, irritability, poor concentration, and flu-like feelings.
3. 2 to 9 daysResolvesSymptoms fade; cutting down gradually avoids most of them.

Cocaine is highly addictive. Withdrawal is mainly psychological but can be severe and is a common trigger for relapse.

1. Hours to daysCrashExhaustion, depression, increased appetite, cravings.
2. Weeks 1 to 10WithdrawalLow mood, poor concentration, irritability, cravings.
3. MonthsExtinctionCravings triggered by cues can persist for months.

Stopping dexmethylphenidate after regular prescribed use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal. ADHD symptoms return, and some people feel tired or low for a few days. After heavy misuse, a "crash" with exhaustion, increased sleep and appetite, and depression is common.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashFatigue, long sleep, increased appetite, low mood, irritability.
2. Weeks 1 to 2Low mood and cravingsLow energy, poor concentration, and cravings after heavy use.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryMood and energy normalize; depression should be watched for.

Stopping dextroamphetamine after regular prescribed use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal. ADHD symptoms return, and some people feel tired or low for a few days. After heavy misuse, a "crash" with exhaustion, increased sleep and appetite, and depression is common.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashFatigue, long sleep, increased appetite, low mood, irritability.
2. Weeks 1 to 2Low mood and cravingsLow energy, poor concentration, and cravings after heavy use.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryMood and energy normalize; depression should be watched for.

Stopping diethylpropion after regular use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal, but it can cause a temporary crash.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashTiredness, increased sleep, hunger, and low mood.
2. Week 1AdjustingLow energy, poor concentration, and irritability.
3. Weeks 2 to 4SettlesMood and energy usually return to baseline.

Regular khat use can cause psychological dependence. Stopping can cause low mood, fatigue, nightmares, and cravings, but no dangerous physical withdrawal.

1. Days 1 to 3Come-downTiredness, low mood, and trouble sleeping.
2. Week 1AdjustingIrritability, lethargy, and cravings.
3. WeeksSettlesSleep and mood improve.

Stopping lisdexamfetamine after regular prescribed use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal. ADHD symptoms return, and some people feel tired or low for a few days. After heavy misuse, a "crash" with exhaustion, increased sleep and appetite, and depression is common.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashFatigue, long sleep, increased appetite, low mood, irritability.
2. Weeks 1 to 2Low mood and cravingsLow energy, poor concentration, and cravings after heavy use.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryMood and energy normalize; depression should be watched for.

Methamphetamine is highly addictive. Withdrawal is not usually physically dangerous but is intensely unpleasant and a common trigger for relapse.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashExhaustion, very long sleep, hunger, low mood.
2. Weeks 1 to 2Acute withdrawalDepression, anxiety, irritability, poor concentration, strong cravings.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryCravings and low mood can persist for months; brain changes partly recover with time.

Stopping methylphenidate after regular prescribed use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal. ADHD symptoms return, and some people feel tired or low for a few days. After heavy misuse, a "crash" with exhaustion, increased sleep and appetite, and depression is common.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashFatigue, long sleep, increased appetite, low mood, irritability.
2. Weeks 1 to 2Low mood and cravingsLow energy, poor concentration, and cravings after heavy use.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryMood and energy normalize; depression should be watched for.

Stopping modafinil does not usually cause withdrawal. Sleepiness returns. A few people feel tired or low for several days.

1. Day 1Sleepiness returnsThe underlying condition reappears.
2. Days 2 to 7Possible fatigueMild tiredness or low mood in some people.
3. OngoingTreat the causeCPAP, scheduled naps, and other treatments.

Stopping phendimetrazine after regular use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal, but it can cause a temporary crash.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashTiredness, increased sleep, hunger, and low mood.
2. Week 1AdjustingLow energy, poor concentration, and irritability.
3. Weeks 2 to 4SettlesMood and energy usually return to baseline.

Stopping phentermine after regular prescribed use does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal. ADHD symptoms return, and some people feel tired or low for a few days. After heavy misuse, a "crash" with exhaustion, increased sleep and appetite, and depression is common.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashFatigue, long sleep, increased appetite, low mood, irritability.
2. Weeks 1 to 2Low mood and cravingsLow energy, poor concentration, and cravings after heavy use.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryMood and energy normalize; depression should be watched for.

Yes. They can cause strong cravings and compulsive use. Withdrawal is mainly psychological.

1. Days 1 to 3CrashExhaustion, depression, anxiety, and intense cravings.
2. Weeks 1 to 2WithdrawalLow mood, poor sleep, and paranoia may persist.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryCravings ease with support.

Label doses are not addictive. People who repeatedly take high doses can develop tolerance, cravings, and compulsive use.

1. Days 1 to 3Come-downLow mood, fatigue, insomnia, and restlessness after heavy use.
2. Week 1WithdrawalCravings, irritability, and poor concentration.
3. WeeksRecoverySymptoms ease; memory and mood problems may linger after long-term heavy use.

Stopping dronabinol after regular high-dose use can cause mild withdrawal, similar to cannabis withdrawal.

1. Days 1 to 3Symptoms beginIrritability, trouble sleeping, restlessness.
2. Days 3 to 7PeakVivid dreams, low appetite, anxiety, sweating.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesSleep and mood return to normal.

No withdrawal syndrome was seen in trials. Stopping maintenance treatment raises the risk of depression returning; trials showed relapse was more likely in patients who stopped than in those who continued.

1. WeeksWatch moodDepression can return gradually.
2. MonthsRelapse riskHigher after stopping maintenance.
3. OngoingPlan with the prescriberDecide together on frequency and duration.

Stopping gabapentin after regular use can cause withdrawal. The label advises tapering over at least one week.

1. Days 1 to 2Symptoms beginAnxiety, insomnia, sweating, nausea, pain.
2. Days 2 to 10PeakAgitation, confusion, and in people with epilepsy, seizures.
3. WeeksRecoverySymptoms usually resolve within weeks.

Ketamine can cause psychological dependence and tolerance, and frequent users sometimes use daily. Physical withdrawal is milder than with opioids or sedatives.

1. Days 1 to 3Early symptomsCravings, anxiety, low mood, fatigue, poor sleep.
2. Weeks 1 to 2OngoingDepression and cravings; bladder symptoms may improve.
3. MonthsRecoveryMemory and mood improve; bladder damage may persist.

Nitrous oxide does not cause dangerous physical withdrawal, but some people develop compulsive, heavy use, sometimes going through hundreds of chargers or large canisters a day.

1. DaysCravingsUrges to use, irritability, and low mood.
2. WeeksRecoveryNerve symptoms may improve with vitamin B12 treatment.
3. MonthsHealingSevere nerve damage can take months to improve and may be permanent.

Stopping pregabalin suddenly after regular use can cause withdrawal. The label advises tapering over at least one week.

1. Days 1 to 2Symptoms beginInsomnia, nausea, headache, anxiety, sweating, diarrhea.
2. Days 2 to 7PeakRestlessness, pain, and in people with epilepsy, seizures.
3. WeeksRecoveryMost symptoms resolve within weeks; longer after high doses.

Regular, frequent GHB use (often every few hours, day and night) causes severe physical dependence. Withdrawal can be life-threatening and needs medical care. Withdrawal after prescribed nightly oxybate is uncommon but has been reported.

1. 1 to 6 hoursRapid onsetAnxiety, tremor, sweating, insomnia, fast heartbeat.
2. Days 1 to 6Severe withdrawalConfusion, hallucinations, delirium, agitation, and seizures can occur.
3. 1 to 2 weeksRecoverySymptoms ease; insomnia and anxiety may linger.

Regular use can cause dependence. People who use daily often feel withdrawal when they stop.

1. Days 1 to 3Symptoms beginIrritability, anxiety, trouble sleeping, reduced appetite.
2. Days 2 to 6PeakVivid dreams, restlessness, low mood, cravings, sweating.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesMost symptoms fade; sleep can take longer to normalize.

Regular, heavy use of THC products can cause cannabis use disorder and withdrawal.

1. Day 1 to 3Symptoms beginIrritability, anxiety, poor sleep, and decreased appetite.
2. Days 2 to 6PeakRestlessness, strange dreams, low mood, and cravings.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesMost symptoms fade; sleep problems can last longer.

MDMA is less addictive than other stimulants, but some people use it compulsively. After use, a "comedown" of low mood, fatigue, and poor concentration commonly lasts several days.

1. Days 1 to 2ComedownFatigue, low mood, irritability, poor appetite.
2. Days 3 to 5Midweek lowLow mood and anxiety may peak.
3. WeeksRecoveryMood normalizes; frequent use slows recovery.

Short courses during chemotherapy rarely cause dependence. Long-term use can cause cannabis-like withdrawal when stopped.

1. Days 1 to 3Possible symptomsIrritability, insomnia, and restlessness.
2. Days 3 to 7PeakLow mood, sweating, and appetite changes.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesSymptoms fade.

Frequent use can cause dependence and withdrawal that is often more severe than cannabis withdrawal.

1. Hours to day 1OnsetAnxiety, irritability, sweating, nausea, cravings.
2. Days 2 to 5PeakInsomnia, vomiting, tremor, and rarely seizures.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesSleep and mood improve gradually.

After a cycle, the body's own testosterone production is suppressed and can take weeks to months to recover. Many users develop dependence on steroids.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Low testosteroneFatigue, low sex drive, erectile problems, and low mood.
2. Months 1 to 3RecoveryDepression, which can be severe, and muscle loss; hormone levels slowly recover.
3. Months to a year or moreLasting effectsSome people have long-term low testosterone or infertility.

After a course, natural testosterone production is suppressed, which can cause low mood, fatigue, low libido, and erectile problems for weeks to months. Nandrolone suppresses production strongly, and recovery can be slow.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Levels fallFatigue, low libido, low mood.
2. Months 1 to 3Low testosteroneSymptoms of hypogonadism can peak; depression risk.
3. 3 to 12 monthsRecoveryNatural production gradually returns; medical help can speed it.

After a cycle, the body's own testosterone production is suppressed and can take weeks to months to recover. Many users develop dependence on steroids.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Low testosteroneFatigue, low sex drive, erectile problems, and low mood.
2. Months 1 to 3RecoveryDepression, which can be severe, and muscle loss; hormone levels slowly recover.
3. Months to a year or moreLasting effectsSome people have long-term low testosterone or infertility.

After a cycle, the body's own testosterone production is suppressed and can take weeks to months to recover. Many users develop dependence on steroids.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Low testosteroneFatigue, low sex drive, erectile problems, and low mood.
2. Months 1 to 3RecoveryDepression, which can be severe, and muscle loss; hormone levels slowly recover.
3. Months to a year or moreLasting effectsSome people have long-term low testosterone or infertility.

After a cycle, the body's own testosterone production is suppressed and can take weeks to months to recover. Many users develop dependence on steroids.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Low testosteroneFatigue, low sex drive, erectile problems, and low mood.
2. Months 1 to 3RecoveryDepression, which can be severe, and muscle loss; hormone levels slowly recover.
3. Months to a year or moreLasting effectsSome people have long-term low testosterone or infertility.

After a cycle, the body's own testosterone production is suppressed and can take weeks to months to recover. Many users develop dependence on steroids.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Low testosteroneFatigue, low sex drive, erectile problems, and low mood.
2. Months 1 to 3RecoveryDepression, which can be severe, and muscle loss; hormone levels slowly recover.
3. Months to a year or moreLasting effectsSome people have long-term low testosterone or infertility.

Prescribed testosterone does not cause withdrawal in the usual sense, but it switches off the body's own production. After stopping, symptoms of low testosterone can return for weeks to months while natural production recovers, and it may not fully recover after long or high-dose use.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Levels fallFatigue, low mood, reduced sex drive, and hot flashes as levels drop.
2. Months 1 to 3Recovery beginsThe brain restarts signals to the testes; symptoms of low testosterone peak.
3. 3 to 12 months or moreNatural production returnsRecovery may be slow or incomplete after years of use or high doses.

After a cycle, the body's own testosterone production is suppressed and can take weeks to months to recover. Many users develop dependence on steroids.

1. Weeks 1 to 4Low testosteroneFatigue, low sex drive, erectile problems, and low mood.
2. Months 1 to 3RecoveryDepression, which can be severe, and muscle loss; hormone levels slowly recover.
3. Months to a year or moreLasting effectsSome people have long-term low testosterone or infertility.

Regular 7-OH use causes opioid-type physical dependence. Withdrawal can be intense.

1. 12 to 24 hoursEarly symptomsAnxiety, restlessness, sweating, runny nose, yawning, and muscle aches.
2. Days 2 to 4Peak withdrawalDiarrhea, cramps, vomiting, goosebumps, insomnia, and strong cravings.
3. 1 to 2 weeksLingering symptomsLow mood, poor sleep, and cravings.

Regular use causes benzodiazepine dependence. Withdrawal from designer benzodiazepines can be severe and has caused seizures.

1. Day 1 to 3Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

Regular etizolam use causes dependence, and its short action means withdrawal can begin within a day.

1. Hours to day 1Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, sweating, and tremor.
2. Weeks 1 to 4Acute withdrawalPanic, irritability, muscle pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and in severe cases seizures or delirium.
3. MonthsProtracted symptoms in some peopleA minority have lingering anxiety, poor sleep, low mood, or tingling that can last weeks to more than 12 months.

Heavy, regular use of THC-like cannabinoids can cause dependence and withdrawal.

1. Day 1 to 3Symptoms beginIrritability, anxiety, poor sleep, and decreased appetite.
2. Days 2 to 6PeakRestlessness, strange dreams, low mood, and cravings.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesMost symptoms fade.

People who use kratom daily often develop dependence. Withdrawal resembles mild to moderate opioid withdrawal and is more severe after heavy use or 7-OH products.

1. 12 to 24 hoursSymptoms beginCravings, restlessness, runny nose, muscle aches, irritability.
2. Days 2 to 4PeakJerky movements, sweating, diarrhea, insomnia, anxiety, hot and cold flashes.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesPhysical symptoms ease; low mood and cravings can linger.

Medetomidine withdrawal is a newly recognized, life-threatening syndrome among people exposed to it in fentanyl. It does not respond well to the usual opioid withdrawal treatments.

1. HoursRapid onsetRestlessness, anxiety, tremor, vomiting, and sweating.
2. Day 1 to 3PeakVery high blood pressure, fast heartbeat, agitation, and confusion; many patients need intensive care.
3. Days to a weekResolvesWith treatment, usually including dexmedetomidine, symptoms ease.

Nitazenes cause opioid dependence and withdrawal like other potent opioids.

1. 6 to 12 hoursEarly withdrawalAnxiety, sweating, runny nose, muscle aches.
2. Days 1 to 3PeakVomiting, diarrhea, cramps, insomnia, cravings.
3. Days 5 to 10LingeringFatigue, low mood, cravings.

Repeated PCP use can cause tolerance, cravings, and compulsive use. Stopping after regular use can cause depression, cravings, headaches, and sweating.

1. Day 1Symptoms beginCravings, irritability, sleepiness.
2. Days 2 to 7WithdrawalDepression, anxiety, headaches, sweating.
3. Weeks to monthsRecoveryMemory and mood problems may persist.

People who take phenibut daily can develop strong physical dependence. Withdrawal can be severe and may need hospital care.

1. Hours to day 1Symptoms beginRebound anxiety, insomnia, tremor, and irritability.
2. Days 1 to 5PeakAgitation, hallucinations, psychosis, and, in severe cases, seizures.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesSymptoms ease; anxiety and sleep problems can linger.

Tianeptine withdrawal resembles opioid withdrawal and can be severe after heavy use.

1. 8 to 24 hoursSymptoms beginAnxiety, sweating, runny nose, muscle aches, cravings.
2. Days 1 to 4PeakDiarrhea, vomiting, insomnia, agitation, and in some cases confusion.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesPhysical symptoms ease; mood symptoms can last longer.

People exposed regularly to fentanyl with xylazine can develop xylazine withdrawal on top of opioid withdrawal. It can be severe and is not relieved by opioid medicines alone.

1. Hours to day 1Symptoms beginAnxiety, irritability, restlessness, high blood pressure.
2. Days 1 to 4PeakSevere agitation, dysphoria, fast heartbeat, high blood pressure.
3. 1 to 2 weeksResolvesSymptoms ease with treatment.