Drugs A to Z: controlled substances list
106 plain-language profiles of prescription and controlled substances. Filter by cluster or schedule, or type to narrow the list.
106 substances shown
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2C-B
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, Nexus, Bees
2C-B is a synthetic psychedelic related to mescaline, first made in 1974.
Read profile5-MeO-DMT
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, Bufo, Toad
5-MeO-DMT is a very potent, short-acting psychedelic found in the venom of the Sonoran Desert toad and some plants, and also made synthetically.
Read profile7-OH (7-hydroxymitragynine)
7-hydroxymitragynine, 7OH, 7-Tabs
7-OH (7-hydroxymitragynine) is a potent opioid compound found in trace amounts in kratom and sold in concentrated tablets, gummies, and shots in gas stations and vape shops.
Read profileA
Alprazolam
Xanax, Xanax XR
Alprazolam (brand name Xanax) is a short-acting benzodiazepine prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
Read profileAmanita muscaria
Fly agaric, Muscimol, Amanita gummies
Amanita muscaria, the red-and-white fly agaric mushroom, contains muscimol and ibotenic acid, which act on GABA and glutamate receptors, not like psilocybin.
Read profileAmphetamine
Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis
Adderall is a mix of four amphetamine salts (about three parts dextroamphetamine to one part levoamphetamine) used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
Read profileArmodafinil
Nuvigil
Armodafinil (Nuvigil) is a prescription wakefulness medicine for narcolepsy, sleepiness from obstructive sleep apnea, and shift work disorder.
Read profileAyahuasca
Hoasca, Yagé, Daime
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew from the Amazon, usually made from Banisteriopsis caapi vine and Psychotria viridis leaves.
Read profileB
Brivaracetam
Briviact
Brivaracetam (Briviact) is a prescription antiseizure medicine for partial-onset seizures in people 1 month and older.
Read profileBromazolam
Designer Xanax, Fake bars, Benzo dope (with fentanyl)
Bromazolam is a designer benzodiazepine never approved anywhere as a medicine.
Read profileBuprenorphine
Suboxone, Subutex, Zubsolv
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist and one of the most effective treatments for opioid use disorder.
Read profileButalbital
Fioricet, Fiorinal, Esgic
Butalbital is a barbiturate sedative sold only in combinations, such as Fioricet (with acetaminophen and caffeine) and Fiorinal (with aspirin and caffeine), for tension headaches.
Read profileButorphanol
Stadol, Stadol NS
Butorphanol is a prescription opioid that activates kappa opioid receptors and partly blocks mu receptors.
Read profileC
Caffeine
Coffee, Energy drinks, NoDoz
Caffeine is the world's most widely used psychoactive substance, found in coffee, tea, soda, energy drinks, and over-the-counter alertness pills.
Read profileCannabis
Marijuana, Weed, Pot
Cannabis is a plant whose main psychoactive compound is THC.
Read profileCarfentanil
Wildnil, Elephant tranquilizer, Gray death (in mixtures)
Carfentanil is a synthetic opioid about 100 times more potent than fentanyl and 10,000 times more potent than morphine.
Read profileCarisoprodol
Soma
Carisoprodol (Soma) is a muscle relaxant for short-term relief of acute, painful muscle conditions, used for no more than two or three weeks.
Read profileCBD
Cannabidiol, Epidiolex
CBD (cannabidiol) is a non-intoxicating compound from cannabis and hemp.
Read profileCenobamate
Xcopri
Cenobamate (Xcopri) is a prescription antiseizure medicine for partial-onset seizures in adults, approved in 2019.
Read profileChlordiazepoxide
Librium, Librax (with clidinium), Libs
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was the first benzodiazepine, introduced in 1960.
Read profileClonazepam
Klonopin
Clonazepam (Klonopin) is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for panic disorder and certain seizure disorders.
Read profileClorazepate
Tranxene, Tranxene T-Tab
Clorazepate (Tranxene) is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety, as an add-on treatment for partial seizures, and for alcohol withdrawal.
Read profileCocaine
Goprelto, Numbrino
Cocaine is a stimulant made from the leaves of the coca plant.
Read profileCodeine
Tylenol with Codeine, Tuzistra XR
Codeine is a mild opioid used for pain and, in some products, for cough.
Read profileCyclobenzaprine
Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) is a prescription muscle relaxant for short-term relief of muscle spasm.
Read profileD
Daridorexant
Quviviq
Daridorexant (Quviviq) is a prescription insomnia medicine that blocks orexin, a brain chemical that keeps people awake.
Read profileDelta-8 THC
Delta-8, D8, Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol
Delta-8 THC is an intoxicating cannabinoid usually made by chemically converting hemp-derived CBD.
Read profileDexmethylphenidate
Focalin, Focalin XR, Azstarys
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) is the more active half of methylphenidate, so it works at about half the dose.
Read profileDextroamphetamine
Dexedrine, Zenzedi, ProCentra
Dextroamphetamine is the more active form (isomer) of amphetamine.
Read profileDextromethorphan
DXM, Robitussin DM, Delsym
Dextromethorphan (DXM) is the cough suppressant in many over-the-counter medicines, such as Delsym, Robitussin DM, and NyQuil.
Read profileDiazepam
Valium, Valtoco, Diastat
Diazepam (Valium) is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasms, and seizures.
Read profileDiethylpropion
Tenuate, Tenuate Dospan, Amfepramone
Diethylpropion, called amfepramone outside the US, is a prescription appetite suppressant for a few weeks of use in obesity.
Read profileDiphenhydramine
Benadryl, ZzzQuil, Unisom SleepGels
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an over-the-counter antihistamine for allergies that also causes drowsiness and is sold as a sleep aid.
Read profileDiphenoxylate and atropine
Lomotil, Lonox
Lomotil combines diphenoxylate, an opioid-related drug that slows the gut, with a small dose of atropine added to discourage misuse.
Read profileDMT
Dimethyltryptamine, Dimitri, Ayahuasca
DMT (dimethyltryptamine) is a powerful, short-acting psychedelic found in many plants.
Read profileDronabinol
Marinol, Syndros
Dronabinol (Marinol) is synthetic THC, the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, made as an FDA-approved medicine.
Read profileE
Esketamine
Spravato
Esketamine (Spravato) is a nasal spray for treatment-resistant depression and for depression with suicidal thoughts.
Read profileEszopiclone
Lunesta
Eszopiclone (Lunesta) is a Z-drug sleep medicine for trouble falling or staying asleep.
Read profileEtizolam
Etilaam, Depas, Etizest
Etizolam is a benzodiazepine-like drug prescribed for anxiety in Japan, Italy, and India but never approved in the US.
Read profileF
G
Gabapentin
Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant
Gabapentin (Neurontin) is one of the most prescribed medicines in the US, approved for shingles nerve pain, partial seizures, and (as Horizant) restless legs syndrome.
Read profileGHB
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, GBL, 1,4-butanediol
GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) is a central nervous system depressant sold illegally as a clear liquid or powder.
Read profileH
Heroin
Diacetylmorphine, Diamorphine, Dope
Heroin is an illegal opioid made from morphine.
Read profileHHC
Hexahydrocannabinol, Legal weed
HHC (hexahydrocannabinol) is a semi-synthetic cannabinoid made from hemp-derived CBD, with effects similar to THC.
Read profileHydrocodone
Norco, Vicodin, Lortab
Hydrocodone is a prescription opioid for severe pain, most often combined with acetaminophen in products such as Norco and Vicodin.
Read profileHydromorphone
Dilaudid, Exalgo
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is a potent opioid, about five times stronger than morphine by mouth, used for severe pain in hospitals, after surgery, and in cancer care.
Read profileI
K
Ketamine
Ketalar
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used in operating rooms, emergency departments, and battlefield medicine.
Read profileKhat
Catha edulis, Qat, Miraa
Khat is a shrub whose fresh leaves are chewed for a stimulant effect in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
Read profileKratom
Mitragyna speciosa, Kakuam, Thang
Kratom is a Southeast Asian tree whose leaves contain mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH), which act on opioid receptors.
Read profileL
Lacosamide
Vimpat, Motpoly XR
Lacosamide (Vimpat) is a prescription antiseizure medicine for partial-onset seizures and, as add-on therapy, generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
Read profileLevorphanol
Levo-Dromoran
Levorphanol is a potent, long-acting prescription opioid for severe pain.
Read profileLisdexamfetamine
Vyvanse
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is an inactive prodrug that the body slowly converts into dextroamphetamine.
Read profileLoperamide
Imodium, Imodium A-D, Poor man's methadone
Loperamide (Imodium) is an over-the-counter diarrhea medicine that acts on opioid receptors in the gut.
Read profileLorazepam
Ativan, Loreev XR
Lorazepam (Ativan) is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety, short-term insomnia caused by anxiety, and, by injection, for status epilepticus and sedation before procedures.
Read profileLSD
Acid, Lucy, Tabs
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is a very potent psychedelic, active in millionths of a gram, with effects lasting 8 to 12 hours.
Read profileM
MDMA
Ecstasy, Molly, E
MDMA, sold as ecstasy or molly, is a stimulant and empathy-enhancing drug that releases large amounts of serotonin.
Read profileMedetomidine
Domitor, Rhino tranq, Rhino tranq
Medetomidine is a powerful veterinary sedative that, since late 2024, has replaced xylazine as a common adulterant in illicit fentanyl in Philadelphia, Chicago, and other cities.
Read profileMeperidine
Demerol, Pethidine, Demmies
Meperidine (Demerol), called pethidine outside the US, is a synthetic opioid for short-term acute pain.
Read profileMescaline
Peyote, San Pedro, Buttons
Mescaline is a psychedelic found in the peyote cactus and some other cacti, such as San Pedro.
Read profileMethadone
Methadose, Dolophine
Methadone is a long-acting opioid used to treat opioid use disorder and severe pain.
Read profileMethamphetamine
Desoxyn
Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant.
Read profileMethandrostenolone
Dianabol, Metandienone, D-bol
Methandrostenolone (Dianabol, 'D-bol') is an oral anabolic steroid developed in the 1950s that was the first widely misused steroid in sport.
Read profileMethylphenidate
Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate CD
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta) is the most widely used ADHD medicine besides amphetamines.
Read profileMidazolam
Versed, Nayzilam, Seizalam
Midazolam is a fast, short-acting benzodiazepine used to sedate people for procedures and surgery and, as Nayzilam nasal spray, to stop seizure clusters at home.
Read profileModafinil
Provigil
Modafinil (Provigil) is a wakefulness-promoting medicine for excessive sleepiness from narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift work disorder.
Read profileMorphine
MS Contin, Kadian, Duramorph
Morphine is the original opioid pain medicine, extracted from the opium poppy, and the standard against which other opioids are measured.
Read profileN
Nabilone
Cesamet
Nabilone (Cesamet) is a prescription synthetic cannabinoid, similar to THC, for nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy that has not responded to standard medicines.
Read profileNaloxone
Narcan, RiVive, Kloxxado
Naloxone is an emergency medicine that reverses opioid overdose by knocking opioids off their receptors.
Read profileNaltrexone
Vivitrol, Revia
Naltrexone is a prescription medicine that blocks opioid receptors.
Read profileNandrolone
Deca-Durabolin (discontinued)
Nandrolone is an injectable anabolic steroid.
Read profileNitazenes
Benzimidazole-opioids, Isotonitazene, Protonitazene
Nitazenes are a group of synthetic opioids, first made in the 1950s but never approved as medicines, that have appeared in the illicit drug supply since 2019.
Read profileNitrous oxide
Laughing gas, N2O, Whippets
Nitrous oxide is a gas used in dentistry and as a whipped-cream propellant.
Read profileO
Oxandrolone
Oxandrin, Anavar, Var
Oxandrolone (Anavar, Oxandrin) is an oral anabolic steroid once prescribed for weight loss after surgery, trauma, or infection.
Read profileOxazepam
Serax
Oxazepam is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine for anxiety and alcohol withdrawal.
Read profileOxycodone
OxyContin, Roxicodone, Percocet
Oxycodone is a strong prescription opioid used for pain severe enough to need an opioid when other treatments are not enough.
Read profileOxymetholone
Anadrol-50, Drol, A-bombs
Oxymetholone (Anadrol-50) is an oral anabolic steroid approved for anemias caused by the bone marrow not making enough red blood cells.
Read profileOxymorphone
Opana, Opana ER, Numorphan
Oxymorphone is a strong prescription opioid for severe pain, roughly twice as potent as oxycodone by mouth.
Read profileP
PCP
Phencyclidine, Angel dust, Wet
PCP (phencyclidine), also called angel dust, is a dissociative drug developed as an anesthetic in the 1950s and abandoned because of severe agitation and hallucinations in patients.
Read profilePhendimetrazine
Bontril PDM, Bontril SR
Phendimetrazine (Bontril) is a prescription appetite suppressant for short-term use, a few weeks, alongside diet and exercise in people with obesity.
Read profilePhenibut
Beta-phenyl-GABA, Noofen, Anvifen
Phenibut is a sedative related to GABA and baclofen, prescribed for anxiety and sleep in Russia and Latvia.
Read profilePhenobarbital
Sezaby
Phenobarbital is a long-acting barbiturate used mainly for seizures and, in hospitals, for alcohol withdrawal.
Read profilePhentermine
Adipex-P, Lomaira, Qsymia
Phentermine (Adipex-P) is an appetite suppressant related to amphetamine, used for a few weeks as part of a weight-loss program in people with obesity.
Read profilePregabalin
Lyrica, Lyrica CR
Pregabalin (Lyrica) is a nerve pain and antiseizure medicine used for diabetic nerve pain, shingles pain, fibromyalgia, spinal cord injury pain, and partial seizures.
Read profilePromethazine with codeine
Phenergan with Codeine, Lean, Purple drank
Promethazine with codeine is a prescription cough syrup that combines codeine, an opioid, with promethazine, a sedating antihistamine.
Read profilePseudoephedrine
Sudafed, Claritin-D, Allegra-D
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) is a decongestant sold without a prescription but kept behind the pharmacy counter.
Read profilePsilocybin
Magic mushrooms, Shrooms, Mushies
Psilocybin is the psychedelic compound in "magic mushrooms".
Read profileS
Salvia divinorum
Salvia, Diviner's sage, Sally-D
Salvia divinorum is a Mexican plant whose active compound, salvinorin A, causes intense but very brief hallucinations when smoked or chewed.
Read profileSARMs
Selective androgen receptor modulators, Ostarine (MK-2866), Ligandrol (LGD-4033)
SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators) are experimental drugs designed to build muscle with fewer side effects than steroids.
Read profileSodium oxybate
Xyrem, Xywav, Lumryz
Sodium oxybate (Xyrem) is the sodium salt of GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), used to treat cataplexy and daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy.
Read profileSolriamfetol
Sunosi
Solriamfetol (Sunosi) is a prescription medicine that improves wakefulness in adults with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea.
Read profileStanozolol
Winstrol, Winstrol-V, Winny
Stanozolol (Winstrol) is an anabolic steroid once prescribed in the US for hereditary angioedema.
Read profileSuvorexant
Belsomra
Suvorexant (Belsomra) is a sleep medicine that blocks orexin, a brain chemical that keeps you awake, rather than boosting GABA like benzodiazepines and Z-drugs.
Read profileSynthetic cannabinoids
K2, Spice, Fake weed
Synthetic cannabinoids, sold as K2 or Spice, are lab-made chemicals sprayed onto plant material or sold as vape liquids.
Read profileSynthetic cathinones
Bath salts, Flakka (alpha-PVP), Mephedrone
Synthetic cathinones are lab-made stimulants related to khat, sold as 'bath salts', 'flakka', or disguised as molly or other drugs.
Read profileT
Tapentadol
Nucynta, Nucynta ER
Tapentadol (Nucynta) is a prescription opioid that also blocks norepinephrine reuptake.
Read profileTemazepam
Restoril
Temazepam (Restoril) is a benzodiazepine sleeping pill approved for short-term treatment of insomnia, usually 7 to 10 days.
Read profileTestosterone
AndroGel, Testim, Depo-Testosterone
Testosterone is the main male sex hormone, prescribed to men with confirmed low testosterone caused by a medical condition (hypogonadism).
Read profileTianeptine
Gas station heroin, Za Za, Tianaa
Tianeptine is an antidepressant approved in some European, Asian, and Latin American countries but never in the US.
Read profileTramadol
Ultram, Ultracet, ConZip
Tramadol is a prescription pain medicine that acts as a weak opioid and also raises serotonin and norepinephrine levels.
Read profileTrenbolone
Finaplix, Revalor (veterinary), Tren
Trenbolone ('tren') is a very potent anabolic steroid approved only as a growth implant for cattle.
Read profileTriazolam
Halcion, Blues
Triazolam (Halcion) is a short-acting benzodiazepine sleeping pill for short-term insomnia, usually 7 to 10 days.
Read profileX
Z
Zaleplon
Sonata
Zaleplon (Sonata) is a very short-acting prescription sleep medicine, a Z-drug related to zolpidem, for trouble falling asleep.
Read profileZolpidem
Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar
Zolpidem (Ambien) is a prescription sleep medicine that acts on the same brain receptors as benzodiazepines.
Read profileZuranolone
Zurzuvae
Zuranolone (Zurzuvae) is the first pill approved specifically for postpartum depression, taken once a day for 14 days.
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